American+Protective+Association



American Protective Association (APA):

The American Protective Association was a nativist group founded in 1887 that targeted immigrants in general as well as the Catholic Church. It promoted the teaching of only American culture and the English language in schools and demanded more enforced laws on the citizenship and employment of immigrants. This secret association was founded by Attorney Henry F. Bowers in Clinton, Iowa. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Protective_Association America Pathways to the Present pg. 314 http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20104/104%20outline%203_08.htm